What is osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis is a long term condition that increases the risk of bone fractures as it weakens bones, lowers bone density. Most of people do not even know they have osteoarthritis until or unless they break a bone. Osteoarthritis can be treated with lifestyle changes and prescription medicines that help strengthen your bones. It is a metabolic disease ans is most common bone disease in the United States, approximately 10.2 million people in the U.S. had it in 2010. It is characterized by low bone mass and a micro-structural breakdown of bone tissue that results in increased bone fragility. The physical psychological and economic consequences of osteoporosis can be devastating. Yet it is often overlooked and untreated, largely because it's clinically silent, meaning there are no symptoms until a fracture occurs.
How to prevent from osteoporosis?
While there is no cure for osteoporosis, there are steps you can take to lower your risk. These include eating foods rich in calcium and protein, getting enough sun exposure, quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy body weight which can be lost or gained depending on your body mass index, limiting alcohol intake. You can also improve your bone health by engaging in physical activity such as brisk walking or strength training.
It is important to remember that more is not always better when it comes to calcium. You should aim to meet the recommended daily intake of 1000 mg for women aged 50 and younger and 1200 mg for women aged 51 and over. With well-rounded nutrition, you can get most of your calcium need from your diet and supplements the rest. In fact, you may be getting more calcium than you realize. You can calculate your daily calcium intake by reading nutrition labels. Nutrition labels are based on the daily allowance of 1000 mg of calcium.
Vitamin D aids the absorption of calcium and helps in the strengthen of your bones. Vitamin D is produces by your liver and your kidneys when your skin comes into contact with the sun. Most of us can not get enough vitamin d from the sun for many reasons, including indoor living, sunscreens, skin tone and seasonal changes. Also, vitamin D in non-fortified food is limited. The recommended daily amount of vitamin D is 600 I U per person aged 70 or younger and 800 I U per person aged 71 or older.
How do FDA Approved Osteoporosis Medications Work?
Osteoporosis medications are approved by the FDA based on their effectiveness, efficacy and safety. FDA approval means that the medications has been shown to slow bone loss, increase bone density or reduce the risk of fractures at the spine or the hip. What are FDA approved medications? Anti-retrovirals, Anti-resorptive medications prevent bone loss, may increase bone density, and lower risk of broken bones. Anabolic Medications: builds new bone, increase bone density and lower the risk of broken bones. Bisphosphonates: Alendronate, Risedronate, Actonel, Actonel with calcium, Atelvia, Bandronate, Zoledronic acid, Denosumab, Prolia, Raloxifene, Bazedoxifene and oestrogen therapy.
Other Related Medications Are:
Denosumab; also known as Prolia is a medicine used to prevent bone loss and increase bone density. it is given as a daily injection under the skin, and your doctor or a nurse will show you how to do it at home. It may be more effective than a bisphosphonate, but may not be the best choice for people with weak immune systems or those taking medicines that affect their immune system.
Teriparatide: also known as Forteo, is a bio-engineered form of a hormone called parathyroid hormone that may increase bone density and reduce the risk of fractures. It is usually given as an injection, often every day, and does not appear to have serious long term side effects.
Calcitonin: another medicine used to slow bone loss, is sometimes used after a fracture, but is much less effective. it is available in a nasal spray or injection.
Complications Patient face during Osteoporosis:
Fractures are one of the most common complications of osteoporosis. Around the world, over 8.9 billion people suffer from fractures each year, and the U.S., the number is estimated to be 750,000 per year. These fractures can be occur due to a fall, other minor injuries, or daily activities, such as bending and lifting, sneezing, etc, but the most common type of fracture is vertebral compression fractures. These fractures occur when the bone in the spine collapse, resulting in pain and height changes.
Osteoporosis can cause pain, although it may not be directly related to the condition. fractures can also cause pain in the neck, mid-back, and the lower back. Kyphosis is a condition that cause a hunchback-like appearance to the spine. This is caused by a tension and stress in the back muscles and tendons. Kyphosis can cause the stomach to be pushed forward, which can limit the room for internal organs and make it difficult to breath and eat. ones in the Small fractures of the bones in the spine are common and can lead to problems with posture. In some cases, multiple fractures can cause the spine to be forward-curved or hunched. Lack of mobility when a fractures occurs, it can make it difficult or impossible to move the affected area of your body. This can lead to chronic inactivity, which can further limit your mobility.
Osteoporosis does not affect everyone in the same way. That is because not everyone suffers from multiple fractures, restricted mobility, and pain. On the other hand, people with more severe osteoporosis may experience reduce quality of life due to limitations. For example, they may feel like they can not be as sociable as they used to be. People who suffers from depression may also isolate themselves more often. They may choose or not choose to stay away from family members, including their spouse, for fear that any physical contact could cause a fracture.
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